Head plates on low volume laboratory fermenters/bioreactors have been simply scaled down from larger fermentors. This was not a very good idea.
Head plates are the most expensive part of the vessel and also the component which creates most problems:
On small vessels the head plate diameter is so small that it needs a person with really small fingers to be able to fix or loose any part on it.
The number of ports is also limited.
The plates are heavy and therefore are made quite thin which leads to the difficulty of making the connections tight.
The typical technical solution consists in the use of o-rings. O-rings of different sizes are used for the different ports and they must be quite thin. Because of their flattening during sterilization they frequently open a way to contaminations. Thus, they should be replaced before each run.
Thus, finally the overall fermentation or cell culture running cost increases in a non negligible way (spare part sets are proposed for many hundreds of USD $ !)
To setup a fermentation vessel with head plates takes much time and each vessel size requires a new head plate but also longer pH and pO2 probes, antifoam and temperature probes and practically everything on the head (O-rings, nuts, lead-throughs,...). This is extremely expensive.
Therefore, very often researchers decide to buy the vessel of largest volume to spare investment money. However, working with higher than needed volume is also very expensive and cumbersome. It involves higher medium costs, longer sterilization and cooling times, larger downstream costs and the necessity of disposal of larger amounts of infective material.
Large vessels are heavy to put in and take out from the autoclave and their manipulation is definitely problematic for many women, who represent today a large part of laboratory equipment users.
It is the best to use the minimal necessary vessel volume for laboratory scale experiments. It has many advantages and we can only recommend it.
LAMBDA has decided to question the use of head plates and found a very practical, easy-to-use and economical solution instead
(Please refer
Exceptional volume range in one single instrument